Back call the part of the body that lies between the lumbar area and bottom of the department of the neck. Back pain accompanies many diseases. And so often, that the number of cases in hospitals, occupy the second place after ACUTE respiratory diseases.
The most common causes of pain
What to do when the back pain? Of course, seek medical attention. Treatment back pain deal with neurologists, orthopedic surgeons, private practices, chiropractors, doctors. They will discover the true cause of the disease, appoint the course of treatment. The cause of the pain can be:
- low back pain;
- spondiloartrosi;
- ankylosing spondylitis (ankylosing Spondylitis);
- low back pain;
- neuralgia, intercostal;
- pregnancy;
- congenital and acquired curvature of spine – scoliosis, kyphosis, lordosis;
- professional factors;
- the long duration of the exercise with the tension of the muscles of the back;
- tumors, metastases to the spinal column;
- the pain gives back in some diseases of the internal organs.
The main diseases that cause back pain, it is possible to combine into several groups: degenerative-dystrophic, inflammatory, myofascial, rare diseases. Separately considered pregnancy as a physiological condition of the body.
Degenerative diseases of the spine
Low back pain and spondiloartrosi – frequent disease, accompanied by back pain. The reason lies in the pathological changes of different structures of the spinal column. The similarities and differences of honey two diseases are the following:
| The name of the disease | Cause pain | Causes |
| Low back pain | The defeat of the cartilage of the intervertebral discs, starting from the kind of jelly kernel. Suffering of the body of the adjacent vertebrae to form osteophytes, ernie. | Trauma, falls, physical and static loads, age. |
| Spondiloartrosi or complex arthropathy | Impaired function in the small (facet) vertebrae with the formation of bone growths. Rebirth ring of the fibrous intervertebral disc pathology of the ligament. | Back pain, injury, exercise, posture and function of the foot. |
Sciatica, lumbago, neuralgia, intercostal, syndrome root are synonyms of a disease. It is the consequence of a degenerative disc disease, complicated hernia. Hernia irritate, squeezing the nerve roots, causing tension and spasm of the intercostal muscles. As a result, appear severe pain in the lumbo-sacral, that you can give to the legs. Untreated the disease causes paresis. The patient feels "tingling, numbness, decreased sensitivity in the limbs. Difficult step to lift and straighten. Terrible pain appear when you sit down, try to stand up or straighten the leg ill.
If the evil is back due to degenerative disc disease or spondylarthrosis, we must seriously hard to treat. In the initial phase, especially in the young, the disease is reversible. Otherwise, it takes chronic with periods of exacerbations and remissions. With time, the frequency of exacerbations will increase, and back pain only to grow.
Inflammatory diseases
Ankylosing spondylosis
He ankylosing Spondylitis – chronic heavy defeat of the joints of the spine. Has a genetic predisposition. Most often affects young skilled men in the prime of their years. Sooner or later the disease leads to disability. Spondylosis begins with the changes to the disks. While the development of the disease passes, the vertebrae, which are firmly connected to each other by connective tissue in a structure (a bamboo stick). The spine is fully enters a state of quiet.
If the morning appears stiffness, dull pain in the back, you lose the flexibility of the spine, contact a doctor immediately. The development of the disease it is still possible to pause and prolong the time of physical activity.
The Disease Kümmel-Verneuil
Such as ankylosing Spondylitis, refers to a group of nonspecific spondylosis. Occurs only after injury. The tragedy of the disease is that traumatic pain soon pass. The disease is "silent" indefinitely. The victim, a man believed to be absolutely healthy. The disease manifests itself suddenly, necrotic alterations vertebral, fractures, frequent relapses, a terrible pain.
Spondylitis
Specific and nonspecific inflammation of the spine can be caused by various causes. Specific spondylitis are called:
- tuberculosis spine (Pott's disease);
- syphilis;
- gonorrhea;
- brucellosis;
- intestinal, bruchnotifozna wand.
Disease accompanied by the destruction of the vertebral bodies with very strong and persistent back pain, deformation of the spinal column.
Myofascial pain
The name suggests that the disease affects the muscles and the fascia to the back. The excessive muscular tension, trauma, disorders of posture, osteochondrosis in the fascia and muscles form trigger point. This thick painful training in the form of lumps or heavyweight. When pressed on a point and the massage you experience severe pain.
Trigger zones are active and passive. The active areas – is the place of increased sensitivity and excitability of the muscles, of the bands. Sensitive to the slightest movement of the muscles. In passive areas the pain only appears after pressing.
Internal medicine
Pneumonia, pleurisy cause pain back pain. For diseases of the heart, the pain can give under the scapula. Kidney disease are accompanied by long pain, lumbo-sacral, lumbar. But for the somatic diseases, in addition to the pain in the first place are the other symptoms. For example, pneumonia, pleurisy appears cough, fever, dyspnea, etc.
Physiological measures of pain
Pregnancy – the physiological state of the woman, full of frequent back pain. In the period of pregnancy a woman's body undergoes radical hormonal reconstruction. Increases the load on all the organs, systems, not excluding the spine. Change mental status and emotional well-being of a pregnant woman.
Lower back pain in early pregnancy occur when the threat of miscarriage. Are pulling, aching, sometimes cramping. Pain in the later stages are associated with increase in the load on the muscles of the back and spine. The woman changing posture, increase lumbar lordosis, which is another reason of painful sensations pregnant.
With the threat of abortion and need emergency treatment. To reduce the load on the spine, it is advisable to wear prenatal brace. In this crucial period it is important for everyone, even the height of the heel should be small.
Other causes
Neoplasms
Benign and malignant lesions, metastases in the vertebral column with the adenoma of the prostate, multiple myeloma, the disease are the cause unbearable the terrible pain of the spine and back.
Osteomyelitis spine
It is a rare disease caused by an infection and inflammation of the vertebrae microbes: staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, streptococcus. It affects the different departments of the vertebral column. Often develops in men after 40-50 years. The disease proceeds with pain sharp victim of the department, high temperature, intoxication.
Paget's Disease
Or osteodystrophy, occurs in the case of violation of the synthesis and recovery of the bone tissue. It appears in the background of the autoimmune diseases, ankylosing spondylosis, after fractures. Characterized by fragility and increased fragility of the bones of the spinal column.
Diagnostics
If the back pain, must necessarily be thoroughly examined. First, the doctor examines the patient. Further diagnosis is based on clinical and instrumental indicators.
During the inspection, you discover the pain, the location, the time of appearance in the night, when you change the position of the body during the exercise, in peace, etc Account the presence of concomitant diseases, which can cause back pain, pneumonia, pleurisy, tumors, mental illnesses, an injury to the back. Then you do other quests:
- biochemical and blood analysis;general
- x-ray in two projections;
- CT scan of spine – computed tomography;
- Magnetic RESONANCE imaging of the spine – magnetic resonance imaging;
- bone scan – receive 2-dimensional image after the introduction of radioactive isotopes and other types of investigation.
The doctor better bad know what types of diagnosis do. Sometimes, in order to understand the cause of the disease, is sufficient x-ray. Sometimes resorting to a further, more informative types of investigation.
The tactic of treatment
Depending on the type of disease and severity, is selected in the method of conservative treatment or surgery. Patients with acute pain and serious illness are treated in hospital, the rest outpatient. The operation of the spinal column are held very rarely. Preference is given to conservative treatment, which acts on the underlying disease. When the pain is this:
- non-steroidal;
- synthetic hormones the adrenal glands;
- muscle relaxants;
- chondroprotectors;
- synovial prosthesis.
Acute pain relieve's novocain blocks, injections of hydrocortisone, and analgesics. Outside of the aggravation of this ointments, massage, physiotherapy exercises, physiotherapy, manual therapy and reflexology. Gives good results to stay in a nursing home. To temporarily relieve the patient of the spine, wear special fastening corsets.
The pain is not only a source of discomfort. In the initial period of the disease acts as a defensive reaction, he says that the body is happening something was wrong, and the need to take action.